A Computer Science Life Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Computer Science Life - Research Paper Example I would plan to know the individuals who are the movers and shakers inside the universe of software engineering and innovation and would accordingly attempt my best to be out in front of how they got down to business their lives and what they did basically to arrive at the separate places that they are at. This is genuine that as a software engineering major, I would imagine achievement on the off chance that I am dedicated and focused on the reason for knowing increasingly more with the evolving times. This is noteworthy in light of the fact that it would show me the fundamentals to think about software engineering and basically the shifted innovative signs. My craving is arrive at the top without any difficulty yet for that I would investigate every possibility and read a ton of books, diaries and innovation related magazines to remain side by side of the changing patterns inside software engineering and the connected mechanical zones. To put it plainly, I will consolidate the genu ine estimation of software engineering inside my life and discover the best that there is, most definitely. What is much additionally dumbfounding here is the way that I would not stop here by any means. I would give my most extreme to locate a shot about the individuals who have made it to the top echelons inside the mechanical fields so my canvas of understanding the software engineering major would be supported with the section of time.... I would likewise attempt to furnish them with a couple of creations that would come full circle with my difficult work and aptitudes which I will put to the most ideal test. To the general society, I will consistently be giving in my absolute best (Soderdahl, 2011). I would peruse a great deal of PC related diaries and innovative magazines which would offer me the best advance forward. This will make my errand simpler in recognizing the very nuts and bolts related with life and its various indications. It will likewise direct the manner in which shifted advances would be made inside the universe of innovation through various developments, creations and so forth. I would in this way become more acquainted with a significant decent measure of data in regards to the universe of PCs and without a doubt this present reality of innovation. I accept that innovation can't work in vacuum. This should be appropriately comprehended so as to work quality outcomes toward the end. This should be p ossible by consolidating innovation inside the administration systems and afterward requesting that the administration systems utilize the most ideal utilization of innovation in order to procure rich profits toward the end. Innovation and the board are connected †as in both work towards the last objective of fulfilling the clients (or the clients). Both innovation and the executives settings mean to care for the hierarchical prosperity and get the positives which are strived for, by the workers and the top administration the same. Mechanical spaces should be appropriately overseen with the end goal for them to turn out to be satisfactorily solid with the strategic approaches and systems which are set up, and these must be fathomed by my sum to increase further understanding (Brummans, 2011). The connection between the two

Foxy Originals expansion into the U.S. market Essay

The issue is figuring out which plans for extension is best for Foxy Originals. AnalysisKluger and Orol built up Foxy Originals (Foxy) in 1998, a Toronto-based adornments firm. By structuring and assembling high style design adornments, Foxy earned a high notoriety and their deals were expanding at a quick pace accomplishment in Canada. In any case, in view of gradually immersion of Canadian markets, Foxy understood that the time had come to grow U.S. advertise where gems showcase was multiple times greater than Canadian one. Since America has a colossal populace base, Foxy has the chance to get more clients, which consequently legitimately lead to more deals and income. Thus, the most elevated need was to figure out which dispersion plans were best for Fox. The dispersions incorporate going to public expos, recruiting salesmen, and a mix of both. U.S. public exhibitions play as a mode for both merchant and purchasers. The principle favorable position of U.S. public expos is tremendo us purchaser volume. On the off chance that Kluger and Orol go to 10 potential public exhibitions, they can upgrade brand mindfulness, connect with potential clients, and lift deals. Then again, significant expense and potential dangers are the primary worry for Foxy. Kluger and Orol need five days of groundwork for each show so as to get the best showcase impact, just as the significant expense for corner design. Kluger and Orol can employ deals powers as another option. Kluger and Orol don’t need Foxy to be accessible on each city intersection in United States. Rather, they target entering to key style places, for example, New York and Los Angeles. Deals powers are perfect to unravel this issue. They realize how to manage neighborhood gems store and existing retailers, which is the thing that Foxy simply absence of. With some particular preparing, salesmen could add to development U.S. showcase. In any case, discovering some reasonable individuals isn't unreasonably simple. Completing the two techniques talked about above in the mean time sounds great, yet another problemâ emergesâ€territory possession. For example, Kluger and Orol had need to pay fo r commission expenses on all deals, if Foxy went to an expo, state, New York while employing a New York based salesmen in a similar time. This is an industry standard, so Foxy needs to follow. The accomplices likewise viewed as about going to the public exhibitions in the significant style center points and sending their agents to some littler urban areas; notwithstanding, provided that this is true, that doesn’t help Foxy to build up brand mindfulness in the United States, as these urban areas are not design forward. Effect AnalysisImplementing circulation techniques could create some negative effects if Foxy chooses to go into U.S showcase. Thus, the primary effects would influence Foxy’s plan office and the calculated office. Gems planned by Foxy has been endorsed by Canadian. Be that as it may, there is vulnerability about the how responsive American clients would be. In the event that American clients incline toward other style, regardless of whether Foxy needs to play up to U.S. showcase by changing structure style, or recruiting new originators? Besides, Foxy should give a lot of consideration to coordinations, in light of the fact that conveying abroa d is increasingly convoluted. Charming requirements to locate a solid convey accomplice who could be answerable for conveying products on schedule. Standards for an Effective SolutionCost/Benefit: help Kluger and Orol pick the most savvy one to actualize. Course of events: which Plans are quicker? Unpredictability: is that conveyance procedure simple to control and actualize? Level of Risk: survey each alternatives’ level of hazard Assessment of AlternativesCost/Benefit Timeline Complexity Degree of Risk Total Points Expos 3 12 Deals Forces 4 16 Blend 2 8 As appeared in the Appendix An, each public expo costs $9,433.33 by and large. In the most ideal situation, each public expo would produce $4,145.42 benefit (Appendix B); notwithstanding, expo may lose cash too in the most dire outcome imaginable, $-3,398.33. By including complete 10 potential public expos together, Foxy would make benefit from $-33,983.30 to $41,454.20, which relies upon what number of requests they get at each show. Also, there are 10 shows during the year, which is successfully low. Planning is mind boggling too. Kluger and Orol need to book tickets, orchestrate time, and set up corner. Also,â high vulnerability can't be neglected. A postponed flight may squander all the past endeavors they put. Recruiting them could be a shrewd move, in spite of the fact that business powers would be repaid with a 15% commission on all deals. In examination with public expos, low speculation and high return is highlight of employing deals powers. Index A shows that employing one salesman for a year simply cost organization $6,380.00. In the low projection, every sales rep may just sell 10 requests every month so s/he just makes $19,588.00 benefit ever year. Let’s expect that they karma out selling 15 requests for each month, and afterward every sales rep can make $32,572.00 yearly. In addition, employing deals powers is a lot quicker than past alternative. By employing them, Kluger and Orol could invest more energy in running business and structuring adornments instead of battling with troubles they experience in America. From the outset, a mix of public exhibition and recruiting deals powers appear to be an ideal other option, however that’s false. The every year fixed expenses for this mix is $110,253.30 (Appendix B), which is right around multiple times bigger than employing deal powers. These fixed expenses are not reliant fair and square of merchandise delivered by the business. In the event that business execution is dissatisfactory, Foxy will clean up. In addition, Foxy would need to repay sales reps regardless of how because of overflow deals. Consequently, significant expense and high hazard among different options are fundamental disadvantage of this choice, no uncertainty. Proposal As expert, I energetically suggest Foxy should recruit deals powers for U.S. extension. Expenses of recruiting salesmen and level of hazard are the least among different options subsequent to looking at. Additionally, deals representatives’ rich experience and wide system are fortune for Foxy to enter the U.S. showcase. Likewise, by examining make back the initial investment point, employing deals powers has moderately lower B-E point, which implies less complexities and generally safe to do. Basically, employing salesman has a few advantagesâ€high return, high proficiency, and low speculation. Just thing should have been thought about is the way toward choosing, which is really convoluted. A certified sales rep could support deals, yet an unacceptable one could attempt to help however raising more ruckus in process. Activity Plan Activity By Whom When Posting Job Kluger and Orol need to distinguish work prerequisite. At that point HR division ought to follow ordinary recruiting methodology posting occupations at site and work organizations. By July, 2004 Selecting Schedule interviews with up-and-comers and rank them. In the wake of Posting Providing Preparing Provide preparing to reasonable salesperson; make them acquainted with Foxy’s adornments. Before 2005 Planning and Controlling Sales agents do development plan in U.S. showcase. They have to give opportune input so as to help Foxy contrast real outcomes and target execution. Since 2005 Foxy should recruit deals powers and give preparing to them before the finish of 2004. As proprietors, Kluger and Orol should work with HR to draft the activity necessity. Opportune criticism is very significant once they begin actualizing plan, when Foxy experiences the square from nearby business. Moreover, contrasting genuine outcomes and target execution, Foxy can take activities to react to these startling changes.

Lobelia Benefits, Side Effects, Dosage, and Interactions

Lobelia Benefits, Side Effects, Dosage, and Interactions Holistic Health Print The Health Benefits of Lobelia Said to help with smoking cessation, the herb may be toxic By Cathy Wong Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on January 19, 2020 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on February 15, 2020 Anna Bryukhanova/E/Getty Images More in Self-Improvement Holistic Health Happiness Meditation Stress Management Spirituality Inspiration Brain Health Technology Relationships View All In This Article Table of Contents Expand Health Benefits Dosage and Preparation View All Back To Top Lobelia (Lobelia inflata) is a plant used in herbal and homeopathic medicine. Said to expel mucus from the respiratory tract, it is used to treat respiratory problems. In addition, some individuals use lobelia to help them quit smoking, sooth muscles, support alcoholism recovery, and more. While this wide range of uses is attractive, lobelia is listed in the U.S. Food and Drug Administrations Poisonous Plant Database as a potentially toxic herb.?? It should be avoided. It is banned in Bangladesh and Italy. If, despite this, you do decide to use lobelia, its best to consult your medical provider and use extreme caution. Since there are limited human studies, not much is known about its effects. Commonly Known As Asthma weed, bladderpod, emetic herb, gagroot, herbe à asthme, Indian tobacco, Lobelia inflata, Lobélie, Lobélie brûlante, Lobélie enflée, Lobélie gonflée, pukeweed, tabac Indien, vomit wort, wild tobacco Health Benefits To date, research on the potential health benefits of lobelia has yielded mixed results. Advocates tout lobelia as a natural remedy for the prevention or treatment of the following health problems: ADHDAlcohol use disorderAsthma  Bronchitis  Cough  DepressionPneumoniaSmoking addiction And when applied topically: Muscle pain or sprainsBruisesInsect bitesRingworm Scientific studies do not support all of these benefits, however (either for lobelia or a compound it contains called lobeline). Heres a sense of the limited research related to some of the more popular benefit claims. Alcoholism In animal studies, lobeline has been linked to reduced alcohol preference and lower alcohol consumption.??  To date, however, there are no human studies to prove that lobeline can help treat alcoholism. Alternative Therapies to Treat Alcohol Addiction Smoking Cessation Lobelia has been promoted to help people fight the effects of nicotine withdrawal by increasing levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain (which has an effect similar to cigarettes). Analysis of both short- and long-term research, however, determined that lobelia appears to offer no benefit in smoking cessation.?? Lobeline was once a common ingredient in over-the-counter products used to alleviate symptoms associated with nicotine withdrawal. However, in 1993, the FDA issued a ban on the sale of anti-smoking products containing lobeline due to a lack of evidence of the ingredients effectiveness as a nicotine substitute. 4 Natural Remedies to Help You Quit Smoking Depression Preliminary mice studies show that lobeline may help alleviate depression by influencing certain brain chemicals involved in regulating mood.?? There are no sufficient human studies on this. 8 Natural Depression Remedies to Consider Respiratory Disorders Lobelia is often touted for its use in such respiratory conditions as asthma, bronchitis, and pneumonia. This is because the herb is said to act as an expectorant, helping to thin mucus (phlegm), cause a more productive cough, and help you to breathe better. Unfortunately, here too, there is not a sufficient amount of research to back up these claims. ADHD A small human study found that lobeline helped to improve working memory in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but few improvements were found in attention.?? Since lobelia has been shown to improve the release and uptake of dopamine in the brain, it may play a role in the treatment of ADHD symptoms. To date, however, more human research is needed to determine its effectiveness.   How to Treat Your ADHD Symptoms Naturally Possible Side Effects Use of lobelia is not recommended. If youre still considering using the herb,  talk with your primary care provider first.   Lobelia may cause side effects, which can range from mild to severe.?? These may include: Dry mouthNauseaVomitingDiarrheaConfusionProfuse sweatingTremorsRapid heartbeat More research is needed to determine whether it is safe to apply lobelia to skin. Theres also some concern that moderate-to-large doses of lobelia may cause serious adverse events like seizures,  coma, and possibly even death (taking 4 grams may be fatal). Its especially important for individuals with epilepsy, heart disease, high blood pressure, kidney disease, liver disease, or a gastrointestinal disorder to consult a medical professional prior to using lobelia. Children and pregnant and nursing women should never take lobelia. Aside from concerns with taking the herb itself, self-treating a condition and avoiding or delaying standard care may have serious consequences. Interactions Not much is known about how lobelia affects other drugs you may be taking. However, lobelia has been found to interact with several drugs,?? including the following: Psychiatric medications: Antidepressants, lithium, anti-anxiety agents, stimulantsSmoking cessation medications and aids: Nicotine patches, gum, Chantix (varenicline) Always advise your doctor about any supplements or herbs you may be taking. Dosage and Preparation You may find lobelia sold as a cream, tea, oral supplement, or liquid extract. Due to a lack of supporting research and serious health risks, no standardized dosage or recommendations exist. Remember, too, that supplements, in general, are largely unregulated. The content of some products may differ from what is specified on the product label.

Stratification Of Social Class And Youth And The Life...

Stratification of social class in the media Social class stratification continues to have a very important role in the life of people living in the U.S. and all around the world. The different class of people in the U.S. is based on several reasons. For this essay, we are going to examine the socio-economic background, level of education of the youth and the life style of an individual. A good question is how does the social class stratification originates?, why do middle class youths turn to be more successful than working class youths? Children get their first exposure of what society is all about from their parents who is the primary group. The school, teachers, and community serves as the secondary group and has an impact on the development of the child. It is during the up bringing of a child that the mores of the society should be assimilated. Failure to do so, the child becomes unproductive and feels rejected by the society and unfortunately, this child might end up with a deviant character. On average, educated people earn more than those who are not educated, and their wealth and knowledge gain is passed to their generation. To have a quality life people need to be educated. The more skills an individual acquires the better chances his/her has to be successful. The community and the life style of a child affect his/her progress, the kind of neighborhood or friend a child makes will influence the direction this child will take. Diverse communities hold differentShow MoreRelatedSubcultures And Its Influence On Contemporary Society1562 Words   |  7 Pagesthroughout history attempted to identify themselves from what is considered societies definition of normal (ref). This form of indifference against the majority agreed upon social construction of society, is expressed in a multitude of ways. 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Many methodologies have been debated and discussed. Challenging these assumptions will in turn, cause for quantitative and qualitative based research on the struggle to gain a firm grip on how society works. As a result, there are different sociological perspectivesRead MoreThree Waves of Variation Study14802 Words   |  60 PagesThe treatment of social meaning in variation has come in three waves of analytic practice. The first wave of variation studies established broad correlations between linguistic variables and the macro-sociological categories of socioeconomic class, sex class, ethnicity and age. The second wave employed ethnographic methods to explore the local categories and configurations that inhabit, or constitute, these broader categories. In both waves, variation was seen as marking social categories. This paperRead MoreCultural Anthropology6441 Words   |à ‚  26 Pagesart, leisure, and play. - linked to other cultural domains such as: Exchange: pot latching art and dance, Bodily modification. Decorations, tattoos Religion: clothing, practices, etc. What is Art? Art is application of imagination, skill and style to matters movement, and sound that goes beyond the purely practical. * High art= in a museum * Low art= graffiti Who decides: What is Art? Emic/etic confusions regarding art * Emic: insider (member) view or members of culture *Read MoreLifestyle and Consumer Culture2476 Words   |  10 PagesLifestyle and Consumer Culture: While the term lifestyle has a more limited sociological meaning based on differences in style of life of different classes, it represents self-expression, uniqueness, and a stylistic self-consciousness within the modern consumer culture. 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Yet, there are knowledge gaps on how best to proceed. There is insufficient information on the prevalence and nature of police-juvenile encounters in the rural areas of Mississippi, specifically, the Delta region. This lack of information means that policy-makers and academics

The Leaning Tower Of Pisa - 1668 Words

The first time I learned about the Leaning Tower of Pisa, I was in grade school. Since my father was an architect, as a child I became obsessed with the idea of architecture and how things were built. I was always curious as to what type of work must be put in to achieve a successfully established building. Gazing upon pictures of the slanted, yet still standing, structure of the Leaning Tower of Pisa intrigued me. The taunting and confusing pictures pulled me in to want to learn more. How was it possible that this building can still be standing? What made it slant in the first place? Was it done on purpose? These were all questions I needed to have the answers too, and that others have wanted the answers to as well. The tower still stands today as a modern marvel of the world, attracting millions of tourists from all corners of the globe. The mystery behind this 741 year old building has plagued the minds of many for centuries and the answer to why this building is not as complex a s one would imagine. The iconic boot-shaped country of Italy is known for its architecture, art, cuisine, and rich culture. These are just a few reasons which make it such a desirable place to travel to, along with its breathtaking geographical beauty. The Italian peninsula is surrounded by the Tyrrhenian Sea on its west side and by the Adriatic Sea on its east side. The Apennine Mountains stretch across the entire length of the country and the Alps create its northern border. This journey willShow MoreRelatedThe Importance and Influence of Architecture in the World of Humanities933 Words   |  4 Pagesphysical qualities such as the significance of a dome can be an important factor that contributes to the building overall. 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Physical Education Management Plan Free Essays

Upon arrival to class students will be greeted with enthusiasm and eagerness to begin class. Students Students will engage in a warm-up review activity that includes questions and problems from previous lessons and assignments. Instruction Format Instruction will be given in a whole-to-parts format. We will write a custom essay sample on Physical Education Management Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will demonstrate the new activity, present someone who can demonstrate it, or provide a video of each activity I introduce as a whole. Then I will break the activity into â€Å"pieces† and teach it section by section with several opportunities to recite all learned parts of the activity. This will continue until all the learned parts can be recited fluently as a whole. Behavior Management To ensure minimal undesired behavior I will navigate around the gymnasium constantly in no predictable pattern. With my back to the wall at all possible times my eyes will consistently scan the room for proper technique and opportunities to assistant with improving a student’s technique. My classroom will be managed in a manner that promotes discussion and the sharing of ideas between all members. Students will respect and empathize with fellow classmates and their physical differences. It will be arranged so that I can observe and monitor everyone’s behavior. Also, class activities will be arranged with an ease of transition from one station or skill to the next. My relationship with my students will be open and honest, and non-threatening to learning and mistakes during the learning process. I will make a conscious effort from day to day to treat my students the way I would like for them to treat one another. My class will also have a voice in the selection of activities so that they feel a part of something special and that their opinions and thoughts matter. Students that display undesired behavior will be given a set time to refrain from the activity with the rest of the class. With each repeated offense the time will be multiplied by the number of offenses. Student Engagement It is important to keep students engaged while in class. So, students will be provided with ample physical and thought-provoking activities during each lesson that are well prepared and presented by me. Each activity will be presented thoroughly and clearly so as to give the students a clear picture of what is being asked of them. In addition, the curriculum promotes the use of elaborate physically enriched activities that students work on individually or as a small group once they have received proper instruction. As the teacher I will make frequent eye contact with the students to communicate a genuine interest in their learning. Assessment An effective teacher is in constant motion mentally and physically in the classroom. This attentiveness allows for a constant informal assessment of student learning and behavior. I will maintain anecdotal notes of student performance. Peer performance checklist will also be used for some activities. This form of assessment gives the students an opportunity to evaluate each other as well as give themselves a better idea of what is expected of them. How to cite Physical Education Management Plan, Essay examples

Bus/210 Week 8 Assignment Developing Good Business Sense free essay sample

Name: Date: 04/28/2011 Course: BUS/210 Assignment: Developing Good Business Sense ? BUS/210 Week 8 Assignment Developing Good Business Sense There are three fast food restaurants that I chose as the businesses for this assignment; Sonic Drive-In, McDonalds, and Kentucky Fried Chicken. All three of these businesses are fast food restaurants. Sonic Drive-In is a curb side restaurant in which car hops bring the customer’s order to their car. McDonald and Kentucky Fried Chicken are both dine-in sit down restaurants that also offer a drive-thru window in car service. The three businesses have similar operations involved in their inputs. The main goal of the employees is to make high quality fast food. While Sonic Drive-In prepares their menu items as they are ordered, McDonalds and KFC precook there items and use heat lamps to keep the food warm. McDonalds and KFC organize their employees in a very similar manner, while Sonic Drive-In is slightly different. We will write a custom essay sample on Bus/210 Week 8 Assignment Developing Good Business Sense or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page McDonald’s and KFC utilizes the cook stay to prep and cook all the food items, the front counter and drive through staff run the registers, take order prepare drinks, and sack or tray customers’ orders. Assistant Managers and managers help out in all positions and oversee all operations of the restaurant. Sonic Drive organizes their cooks and Managers in a similar way, the difference is that Sonic Drive-In does not utilize a front customer counter and register. Sonic utilizes a curbside menu’s and speaker system for customers to place their orders. Carhops replace the counter help normal seen at traditional fast food restaurants. The carhops deliver the orders to the customer’s car. Sonic Drive-In allows their customers to custom order their menu items any way the customer wants. They also offer over 350,000 different drink combinations. That is something that is not offer by any other national fast food chain. The OMM costs of these three restaurants are very similar. The all three of them have operating costs such as rent, utilities, inventory, franchise fees, royalty fees and labor. I found it surprising that all three restaurants actually do not own the property that they are on. All three of them own the restaurants but rent the land that there restaurants operate on. With all three of these restaurants, the time of years and the weather have a huge effect on their sales volume. The lower their sales volume the higher percent of operating cost that they have. During the winter, sales are at their low and in the summer they are at their high. Each restaurant experiences high profits during the summer months and low profits during the winter months. Operating cost such as inventory and labor are the biggest monthly expense from all three restaurants. Since all three of these restaurants belong to national franchise chains they are required to pay franchise fees and royalty fees each month. The manager at Sonic Drive-In stated that their franchise and royalty fees are determine by their net sales each month. They are required to pay 15 percent of their net sales for franchise fees and 10 percent of their net sale for royalties. The manager at Sonic Drive-in also Stated that they are doing very good if they can profit 15 percent of their sales each month after paying all the expenses, and the best way to do that is by controlling the inventory and labor expenses. The managers of McDonalds and Kentucky Fried Chicken were unwilling to release any of their business information to me. While the manger of sonic Drive-In was willing to answer some question, they were very restrictive of the information they did give. The way McDonalds, Kentucky Fried Chicken, and Sonic Drive-In all three conduct their business is very similar. They are designed to produce quality fast food at a price that is considered a value to the customer. They each use the small batch operating system to make customized products. In all three case their own customized food for individual customer orders. KFC makes small batches of fried chicken that is to be sold to individual customers. Because the time it takes to make the fried chicken, KFC cooks batches throughout the day so that it is ready when the customer orders it. This reduces the waiting time for the customer. McDonalds precooks their hamburgers and makes the sandwiches when the customer orders to reduce the waiting time for their customers. Sonic Drive-In cooks the customer’s food when it is ordered, but states that none of their menu items take more than three minute to cook, therefore the wait time for the customer should not exceed three minutes. All three of these businesses focus on delivering fast quality food at an affordable price to keep their customers satisfied and insure they maintain repeat business. This is what keeps their sales value up and allows them to be a profitable business.

Western Political Systems an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Western Political Systems The development of the western political system had strong influence from the ancient Greeks and Romans. The Greek and roman philosophies and kind of governance had an immense impact on the development of democracy in the western world. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Aristotle, Plato and Socrates gave the concepts of natural rights and the logical establishment of laws; which is evident in the western political system where laws are clearly stated and submitted for voting. Democracy as practiced in the western political system is defined according to the Encarta dictionary as the free and equal right of every person to participate in a system of government, often practiced by electing representatives of the people by the majority of the people. This system of government was passed from the ancient Romans and Greeks to the Americans, Belgians, Dutch, English, and Germans etc. Need essay sample on "Western Political Systems" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed An example of the spread of democracy can be cited in the case of England. For centuries, a monarch, who was often unfair and unjust, had ruled England. Finally, after a civil war the parliament was able to limit the power of the monarch and establish a healthy relationship between the government and the people. This idea of a power check prompted remembrance of the roman government and how it operated on a three-branch system. The United States of America also practiced democracy as far back as the 17th century (Rao, 2006). The kind of political system practiced in the eastern part of the world had been based on lineages, military power and witnessed regimes that were despotic and authoritarian in nature as opposed to the western political system. In the monarchy system of government, one person is the monarch (usually a king or queen, and in other cases emperor or empress). When the monarch dies, power passes to one of the monarchs children and in the event that there is no child the mantle of leadership passes to another family member and this is what was practiced in most parts of the eastern world for most part of their political history. China, for instance practiced this system of government. Dynasties after dynasties ruled in china; from the Shang dynasty (1583BC-1027BC) up to the Qing dynasty (1644-1911), these groups of monarchs had mostly ruled china (Rao, 2006). Countries like Afghanistan, Japan, Nepal, Thailand and the likes at some point in time also practiced this form of government. Also, this same region witnessed leaders who seized power; an example is the republic army that overthrew the Qing dynasty in the 1911 revolution and when Mao Zedong seized power in 1949(Rogaski, 2007). The various political systems have their benefits and their detriments. The democratic system is beneficial in the sense that as it is based on election, the voice of the people is heard and the wishes of the people could be easily granted by this system. In addition, the people are guaranteed participation in the process of electing their representatives. The detriments of this system are that, since it is the citizens who can elect representatives not all citizens are fully aware of the political scenarios in their country. This may result in people making the wrong decisions during elections. Also, since it is a short-term government, there might not be a clear-cut long-term policy plan for the community they rule (this is familiar with selfish governments and ones without foresight). The cost of political campaigns in democracies may mean that the rich are favored by the system, this scenario cause candidates to strike out deals with wealthy supporters; hence, offering them favor able legislation if the candidate is elected. The eastern political system also has its advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of the eastern political system (the military and monarchy system of government) are that the monopolization of resources gives them great potential power. Secondly, there is quick and effective response following an imminent war. Thirdly, provided the ruler has a focus they have long-term plans for the community they rule. The disadvantage of this system is that it usually lacks legitimacy (especially the military). In addition, the process of governance is frequently concealed and controlled; interests are mobilized to support the government rather than the government responding to public interests. Conclusively, the western political system has been greatly influenced by the Greek and roman governments; they introduced the separation of powers, laws and ordinances and the senate. In addition, they introduced the idea of natural rights, the right to vote and be voted into office. The eastern political systems on the other hand witnessed authoritarian, despotic regimes and were ruled by monarchs and leaders who seized power after revolt as in countries like North Korea and China in the early 20th century. The various systems as previously written have their benefits and detriments. However, comparing the two it can be concluded extensively that the western political system is preferable since it affords equal participation and representation. References Rao, B. V. (2006). World History. New Delhi: Sterling publishers. Rogaski, R. (2007). "Mao Zedong." Microsoft Student 2008 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation.

The Scream essays

The Scream essays The Scream For my paper I selected The Scream by Edvard Munch on page 398. Edvard Munch is looked upon as one of the most significant influences on the development of expressionism. Edvard Munch was quoted as saying "We want more than a mere photograph of nature. We do not want to paint pretty pictures to be hung on drawing-room walls. We want to create, or at least lay the foundations of, an art that gives something to humanity. An art that arrests and engages. An art created of one's innermost heart." I believe in The Scream Munch did just as he said. The expressionism period was a movement to invoke emotions through art work. In The Scream Munch stirs up emotions through his heavy brush work and the use of unnatural colors. The use of red orange or warm colors in the sunset seems to make them advance or stand out. The thick swirling lines of the sunset and the river create the sanitation of movement. Munch relies on atmospheric perspective to create the illusion of depth. The warm colors in the sunset stand out while the cool colors of the river seem to go backwards. The shapes in The Scream are organic, object found in nature, but Munch has distorted this objects to echos causes by the sunken head. I selected this painting for the fact that it disturbs me and at the same time intrigues me. In an interview about the painting Munch said " I was walking along the road with two friends- watching the sunset- the sky suddenly turned red as blood- I stopped, leant against the fence, deadly tired- my friends walked on and I was left, trembling with fear- and I could feel an infinite scream passing through the landscape." Edvard Munch's emotional unbalance is a great credit to his work. In 1908, Munch had a nervous breakdown, a culmination of his anxiety and fears going all the way back to his childhood. During the years pervious to this he had experienced som ...

Screening the Business Idea and Business Model Assignment

Screening the Business Idea and Business Model - Assignment Example The most fascinating feature of this restaurant service is that unlike any other hamburger restaurant, the Redneck’s Gourmet will cook burgers right in front of the customer. In addition, customers are encouraged to order their burger and demand whatever they want mixed in the meat. The well decorated surroundings, a full bar, and a stage for live music will be some other notable attractions of this restaurant. There will be uniqueness even in staff dress code. Even though it is mandatory for the staff to wear uniforms, they are permitted to personalize the uniforms to an extent. In short, all the settings and facilities of this restaurant service will be based on redneck lifestyle and values. Today there are not many places to sit down and eat a hamburger other than fast food facilities. Although many other restaurants have burgers on their menu, it is not the major focus of their menu. Most restaurants offer burgers only as a substitute product if their primary meals are not much demanded by customers. By giving primary emphasis to burgers, Redneck’s Gourmet will have a clear edge over fast food places and other similar facilities. Unlike a fast food restaurant, the Redneck’s Gourmet can promise customers great atmosphere to sit down and enjoy their meals. In addition, as Dupas (2011) points out, today’s people are increasingly concerned about their health and the dreadful repercussions of consuming foods prepared in dirty kitchens and surroundings. Hence, many people are reluctant to visit restaurants. In this context, Redneck’s Gourmet burgers can better serve the needs of health-conscious customers because burgers are prepared right in fro nt of the customer in this restaurant. Thus, no customer needs to worry whether or not his/her burger was cooked in a clean kitchen as he/she can witness the entire cooking process from start to finish.

The 60s and American Society Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The 60s and American Society - Research Paper Example As the current Vice President to outgoing President Dwight Eisenhower, Nixon would have gained some sense of what the job would entail and would wish to have the office for him, so that he would be able to enact his own vision for the American people moving forward. As the young Senator from Massachusetts and a member of one of the more prominent families in the United States at the time, John Kennedy would ultimately be guided by a desire for public service and a quest to help the average American. This would prove to be a crucial election for many reasons, some yet to be seen at this point in time. The ultimate outcome would see Kennedy overcome the opposition from Richard Nixon and be able to move on to the White House in January 1961. Each political party would profess views for the betterment of the American public and the national ideals, with each differing in points and desired execution. With regard to the Republican Party, "Through the 1960s the emergent conservative wing, first witnessed in Barry Goldwater's 1964 candidacy, began to push out liberal Republicans," ("Profile", p.1). A political group that would, in many ways, wish to define themselves as a party that sought to protect conservative values and ideals. Thus, the Republicans would ultimately find themselves becoming a political party that would wish for such things as lower taxes and higher national defense. With regard to the Democrats, "In the 1960s, President John F. Kennedy challenged an optimistic nation to build on its great history. Kennedy proclaimed a New Frontier and dared Americans to put a man on the moon, created the Peace Corps, and negotiated a treaty banning atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons," ("The Democratic", p.1). Both p olitical parties, through their public assertions and general action taken, would claim to be the party of the average citizen. With every Presidency, events transpire that can not only shape the public itself but also, influence the trajectory of the President's administration. Impact the very decisions made by the chief executive, as they wish to serve the public for whom they were elected by, in such a manner that stays within the realm of the power of their office. For John Kennedy, two of the key events that would occur during the period of his administration, would be the Bay of Pigs in 1961 and the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962. Events that would involve the island of Cuba but despite that, would bring about differing circumstances that would force the young President to act and to act quickly, so that the world would be safe from eminent danger. With its entrance early on in Kennedy's presidency, the Bay of Pigs would be one of many attempts made by the intelligence community, as they sought to invade the island of Cuba and ideally, remove the dictator in power. Subsequent events that would transpire, would ultimately lead to the declaration of the invasion being seen as a failure and as such, something that would be seen as a humiliation for the President. In the aftermath of the invasion, Kennedy would take what he learned and utilize it in future circumstances, such as the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 that would find the American people pitted again the Soviet Union, with the island of Cuba being in the middle of this scenario. With the missile

Introduction Of Decision Making And Creativity Business Essay

Introduction Of Decision Making And Creativity Business Essay Decisions are the options made from two or more alternatives. McShane and Von Glinow (2010) defined that Decision making is a process of making choices among one or more alternatives with the intention of moving toward some desired state of affairs. Effective decision making involves identifying, selecting and applying the best alternatives. People need to use all available resources to predict the outcome of each option and based on the outcome to choose the best alternatives for the particular situation. In the real world, people usually do not follow the rational model to make decision because there are many undefined problem and ambiguous alternatives. For example, people usually simply find an acceptable solution to solve the problem rather than find the most suitable one. Hence, some decision makers probably make decision based on bounded rationality, emotion and intuition. Framing and heuristics are the judgments shortcuts that people used to simplify the decisions. Anchoring and adjustment, availability and representative are the three types of heuristics. People can make choices more effectively by systematically assessing alternatives. Scenario planning is a method that used to forecast possible future. Scenario planning can helps to make the best future decisions before they occur. Furthermore, people can evaluate decisions in an effective way such as find systematic sources, establish a present level to abandon the project, minimize escalation of commitment and involve several people in the decision evaluation process. In addition, some leaders or company also involve their employees in decision making. Leaders and company have limited ideas or knowledge to make the best decision. Thus, they need to rely on employees to solve the problem in a more effective way as employees may have more innovative and multiple alternatives. Improvements on decision quality, defining problem more quickly, better solutions generated are the benefits of employee involvement. McShane and Von Glinow (2010) defined that Creativity is the development of original ideas that make a socially recognized contribution. Creativity also is the process of creating unique ideas or products that are useful to the organizations. Creativity allows and encourages people to think out of the box, which produce innovative and unique ideas for a particular task. Preparation, incubation, insight and verification are the phases of the creative process. Preparation means studying the information and skills that related to the problem. Incubation assists divergent thinking which means reframing the problem in a distinctive way and creates different approaches to the problem. Insight refers to the ideas in a vague form. The idea is worked into a realistic form in the verification phases. Organizational factors such as freedom, resources, learning orientation, organizational support and more will affect the creativity ideas. It is also means that a comfortable and supportive work environment will helps the employees to improve and produce creative and unique ideas. Besides, redefine problem, associative play and cross pollination are the activities that use to encourage creativity. Lastly, creativity in decision making can be said that looking for the novel and unique ideas which the elements in the ideas are previously unseen. Background of NIKE, Inc. NIKE, Inc. is the world leader in athletic apparel, footwear, equipment and accessories. To bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete in the world is the mission of Nike. Converse, Inc., Nike Golf, Hurley International, LLC and Cole Haan are Nikes wholly owned subsidiaries. (NIKE, Inc., 2011) Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight have met each other in 1957. In 1962, both of them have become partner and form Blue Ribbon Sports. They pledged $1000 and place order of 300 pairs of shoes in 1964. The first Blue Ribbon Sports retail store opened in Santa Monica, California in 1966. Bowerman and Knight have design and manufacture their own brands of athletic shoes. In 1972, the new Nike line of footwear was introduced and Field Trials were held in Eugene, Oregon. Blue Ribbon Sports was later changed to NIKE, Inc. in 1978. Nike Air Technology in Tailwind running shoes was born in 1979. In 1980, Nike becomes a publicly traded company. Nike had lost their position as industry leader in the middle of 1980. In 1987, Nike designed to regain the industry leader by using marketing and advertising campaign and differentiate Nike from its competitors. Nike build reputation by create inspiring ads with Just Do It as slogan in 1988. In 1990 to 1999, Nike had signed several individual players and national teams around the world and began to design footwear and apparel for golf and soccer. Now, Nike has continued to expand its business to China and become the official sponsor of the National Football League (NFL). 2.0 Content Decision making is a process of selecting from one or more alternatives with the purpose of moving toward some desired state of affairs. Moreover, decision making is a process that decision maker need to make choice from the available option or alternatives in order to achieve the organization goal or to arrive at a solution for a given problem. Decision plays an important role in the organization. If the decision maker does the wrong decision, it will influence the company productivity and profit. Therefore, the decision maker needs to do the rational choice decision. And decision maker can follow the rational choice decision process and do the right decision. First step is identifying the problem or opportunity. Decision maker needs to identify the problem or opportunity before do any decision. Problem is the gap between what is and what have to be. For example, there is a labor practices problem occurred in Nike as stated in Nike first Corporate Responsibility Report, after Nike identify and evaluate its problem and then they came up with ways to resolve the problem. Nike decided to increase training for both managers and employees in order to improve the productivity, reduce labor turnover and less sick leave. The decision made involved all level of the organization where the top management make the decision and the subo rdinates need to collaborate to achieve the companys goal. However the possible disadvantage of Nike to increase training for their current employees is that it can become very stressful to their employee. When an employee is stressed, their job performance goes down. Over-training in the workplace can be a waste of valuable resources such as training materials, hire or promote individuals to train their employees, and also need to pay for both the trainers and the trainees. During the extensive training sessions, employees may become bored and lose interest in what they are learning. Once an employee loses interest, much of the information being taught will not be retained and this will waste the employee time (Robertson). According to NIKE, Inc. (2011), Poor conceived overtime and sick leave policies can reduce employees work performance. If Nike does not regulate contracted overseas factories with overtime levels that are both required by local labor and health authorities, it can attract complaints from human rights organization as well as causing undue health problems to employees which can affect their work performance (Answers.com, 2012). Sick leave is a form of employment benefit in the form of paid time off for illness. However, Nike intends to increase productivity by initiating an Attendance incentives policy which encourage employees to attend for work but this may send the wrong message to the employees that attending to work even while they are sick would earn them credits. This can cause an employee to feel pressured to if they want to take sick leave even when they are seriously ill, which could result in significant health damage and increased health care costs for the company (Smith, 2013). Second step is choosing the best decision process. Decision process include programmed and non-programmed. Programmed is a decision that made in routine, repetitive, frequent decision and highly structured environment. In this decision making, they allow to set up a rule, policies and procedure to follow. In this decision making, they can follow standard operating procedures because of the highly structured environment. For example, to improve daily productivity, Nike has implemented lean manufacturing which is the foundation of how Nike enhances sustainable manufacturing. Lean manufacturing is a system and continuous enhancement that target to deliver the highest quality product while reducing waste. Lean manufacturing can empower workers and teams. A significant increase in satisfaction of workers in factories is found after lean manufacturing is implemented. The problem facing by Nike when implemented lean manufacturing is hard to get support from their employees to follow and take orders. This can sometimes be difficult to attain as some employees who is resistive to changes. Lean manufacturing system requires a complete overhaul of manufacturing systems that may cause personality clashes, stress and refusal by employees who prefer old ways of doing things especially the older employees. Thus, it possibly will cause conflict among others in the work group. Lean manufacturing training is a constant ongoing process, and when first starting out it will takes a lot of time and effort on everyones part (Manufacturing Info, 2010). The time investment required to implement lean manufacturing system throughout Nike is one of the drawback. Successful implementation requires the participation and support from employees throughout the company to guarantee that the cells integrate well with one another (Deiterich, 2013). Due to lean manufacturing system are dependent on supplier efficiency, any interruption in the supply chain on production can be a problem that negatively affects customers. Delays in delivery can cause long-lasting marketing problems that hard to overcome and may cause problem of customer dissatisfaction (Wood, 2013). On the other hand, non-programmed decision is unique decision that requires a custom made solution. In this decision making, they mostly deal with unstructured environment and incomplete information. This decision making cannot set up a rule, policies and procedure to follow because this decision making is infrequent decision and unstructured environment. To solve the non-programmed situation, Nike have spent more than 15 years to deal with the contract factories on the issues of worker rights and protections, wages, living conditions for workers and the environmental impacts of manufacturing processes. Nike is setting high expectations for workers, providing training and tools to help factories to meet those expectations and accessing their performance. This approach able to create baseline standards, improved oversight and helped factories to move beyond compliance. In this case, certain issues continue to arise. Issues such as overtime, working hours and associated wages have made up the majority of violations found by audits of apparel, footwear and equipment factories. Nike spends a lot of time and resources to deal with these types of issues in the factories that are poor performing, while having less time to engage with the factories that are high performance. Therefore, Nike have evolved their approach to build relationships with contract factories and developed a new manufacturing vision (NIKE, Inc., 2011). Third step is developed and identify alternatives. After identify the problem or opportunity, they need to do the research. For example, they need to find the solution that can solve the problem they have already identified. After this step, they need to choose the best alternative among one or more alternatives. Next step is implement choice. They can implement the choice in the problem or opportunity. Evaluate choice is the last step, which they need to evaluate the choice or the decision outcomes. For example, whether the gap has narrowed or not or whether the problem have solved or not. Nike is doing well in identifying alternatives. To support the lean manufacturing system, Nike has provided resources to contract factories to support their transition such as training, coaching and technical assistance. This shows that Nike not only depends on the formal procedure like lean manufacturing but also finding other alternatives to improve the productivity. Although the contracted factory (owner and top level management personnel of factory) are being supported by Nike (monetary and other expertise resource), however, operational workers may not receive the fair amount of support from Nike and operational employees are sometimes not recognized as a valuable part of the business value chain. Some workers are unfairly compensated in return for their work and this can lead to a low self-esteem, lack of morale and reduced in productivity (Wilsey Lichtig). Problem identification challenges include perceptual defense, stakeholder framing, decisive leadership, mental models and solution-focused problems. Perceptual defense is ignoring information that threatens their self- concept. Stakeholder framing is stakeholder try to persuade decision maker that interest to problem or opportunity not important. Decisive leadership is decision maker do the decision making without enough analyzing the data. Mental model is an assumption and expectation that prevent people seeing unique problem or opportunity. Solution- focused problem is straight to the solution rather than do the investigation, analysis or identify the problem. Creativity is developing an original idea that makes a socially recognized contribution. Creativity in decision making can help the company solve the problem and get the new and useful alternatives. Creative work environment can motivating the work, encourage experimentation, tolerate mistakes, open communication and sufficient resources. Creative process model include four steps. First is preparation. They need to know the problem and do the preparation such as find the information or do the research or learn some skills that help in creative. Next is incubation. They put the problem aside but mind still working on the background. Third is insight. Suddenly they become aware of unique idea. They see or hear something and cause them suddenly to have a new idea. Last is verification. In this step, they need to evaluate their idea is good or not or benefit or costly for the company. Nike is playing well in creativity either in the shoes design or advertising. The shoes designer need to design the shoes to do three visual dialogues that are attract consumers with iconic design, clean and simple, engage them with craft that is holistic and catch them with the idea. The idea of barefoot shoes that designed by Nike is impressively creative. Nike concerns on the structure of the foot. They did pressure testing on the high-end athletes about what they are doing to make themselves better and also discover that they are usually training barefoot. That is the idea of barefoot shoes came from. Nevertheless, Nike also come out with interesting advertisement and won the Creativity Best 2012 as both the television and print categories is one of the years most innovative advertisers. Employee involvement is the degree to which employee influence how their work is organized and carried out. Different levels have different forms of involvement. In the lowest level, they do not know what problem is about in the company so they do not make the recommendation. In the middle level, they know what problem is happen in the company and they will provide the recommendation to do the decision making. In the highest level, they make the entire decision making process. They need to choose the best alternative among one or more alternatives and implement the choice and evaluate the choice. Higher employee involvement is better when the employees have relevant knowledge beyond leader and can help the leader solve the problem. Most employees would lack commitment if they do not involve. Company need encourage their employee involve in the situation because higher employee involvement means higher commitment of employee. Nike involved all levels of the organization in decision ma king. For instance, top managers determine their organizations goals, what products and services to provide. And middle and lower managers determine the production schedules, select new employees and other routine practices. The disadvantages of moderated employee involvement within an organizations decision making process are too many lines of communication and the potential for inconsistent decision making. When more employees have decision making ability, more communication is needed to make certain that decisions are consistent across the organization. This consistency is significantly important to brand recognition and consistency. Managers may need a long time to monitor decisions and activities with employee involvement to protect against negative consequences and to control the potential for chaos (Kokemuller). 3.0 Recommendation The rational choice paradigm can make several assumptions about the human capacity to process information. One of assumptions which are decision makers can process information about all alternatives and their consequence but normally this is not possible to happen in reality. They only evaluate a few alternatives and some of the main outcomes of those alternatives as well as the Nike. There are some recommendations on how those assumptions that being used by Nike can be applied more effectively in the coming future. Postdecisional justification gives people an excessively optimistic evaluation of their decisions but in reality it will bring the objective feedback to the company. There are four main reasons which are self-justification, prospect theory effect, perceptual blinders and closing costs explained that why people poorly evaluated their decision outcomes. These reasons make escalation of commitment look irrational. The first recommendation for Nike is to minimize postdecisional justification and escalation of commitment. This will ensure that the people who made the original decision and people who later evaluate that decision are different. The self-justification effect can be minimized by this separation of roles due to the person responsible for evaluating the decision is not connected to the original decision. In addition, the Nike can publicly establish a preset level at which the decision is abandoned or reevaluated. It is similar to a stop-loss order in the stock market, whereby the stock is sold if it falls below a certain price. The problem with this solution is that the situations are always so complex. This is because it is very difficult to identify an appropriate point to abandon a project. The next suggestion for Nike is to looking for a source of systematic and clear feedback. For an example, the phenomenally large cost overruns at Scotlands new parliament building might have been smaller if let say the Scottish government had received less ambiguous or less distorted information from civil servants about the true cost of the project during the first few years. The escalation of commitment happened in Scotland because of they do not see the problems soon enough. Lastly, the Nike can try to improve their decision evaluation process by involving of more people in their own evaluation. Besides that, co-workers of Nike can continuously monitor each other and they might notice the problems sooner than someone working alone on the project. Employee involvement offers these and other benefits to the decision making process. So that, Nike can identify their problems, choose the best alternative and implement their decision with the knowledge and multiple perspectives of employees of company. Other than that, we recommend Nike to use Theory Y by Douglas McGregor (1960) to help their employees improve their working performance and distress due to over training. Theory Y emphasize on participative management style. This theory assumes that employees effort in work is as natural as play and work. They are self-motivated, enjoy their work a lot, self-direction and always seek for responsibility. Nike should motivate their potential employees and helps them to develop their skills and capacities. Appraisal method such as provide promotion opportunities to employees with good performance. Motivated employees are more willing to help organizations to achieve goals. According to Comms study (Puvanasvaran, A. P.), there are five best practiced components can be used to solve the problem of lean manufacturing which are environment change, leadership, culture, employee empowerment and communication. Nike should help the older employees to understand how lean manufacturing system work, try to communicate and share clear information with them so that they can understand their company goal. Nike can assign some employees to guide those employees who are not familiar with the process. Moreover, we also recommend Nike applies values drive behavior to motivate and handle the problem of operational workers who did not get their return fairly. The component of justice and fair guidance are needed. Nike managerial leaders should practice ethical behavior by locating organization resources fairly. Resources such as people, capital assets, money should treated and distribute fairly. They treat the workers equally by giving them the amount they deserved to get. Another component is love and kindness. Workers should be treated kindly. When their effort on the job is recognized, they will put more effort and contribute more to the organization. In such way, the operational workers will increase productivity and self-esteem. To solve the problems of inconsistent decision making, Nike should use appropriate team decision making strategy. Normally ideas of high status people or people who should loudest will get attention by other members. Therefore, we recommend Nike to use nominal group technique to solve prioritizing issues such as which resources are the best for company project. It is a technique where all the members brainstorm their ideas without interacting with each other and discuss one by once at the final stage. It is useful in providing effective framework in choosing best option or ranking priorities. 4.0 Conclusion McShane and Von Glinow (2010) defined that Decision making is a process of making choices among one or more alternatives with the intention of moving toward some desired state of affairs. People usually do not follow the rational model to make decision in the real world because there are many undefined problem and ambiguous alternatives. McShane and Von Glinow (2010) defined that Creativity is the development of original ideas that make a socially recognized contribution. Creativity allows and encourages people to think out of the box, which produce innovative and unique ideas for a particular task. NIKE, Inc. is the world leader in athletic apparel, footwear, equipment and accessories. They assist every athlete in developing motivation and creativity throughout the world with using and promoting their products and brand name. Decision making style of the founders of Nike, Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight has reflects the participative method in the company. Nike involved all levels of the organization in decision making. The employees who have relevant knowledge beyond leader and can help the leader solve the problem effectively. Furthermore, Nike is playing an important role in creativity which generates unique ideas or products that are valuable to the organizations. Neither in the product design nor advertising, Nike also has tried their best to exert unlimited creativity on it. The creative products and interesting advertisement that created by Nike has help them to produce sustained superior performance. Last, the integration of Nikes design, customer and marketing creates a strategy, which is effective and difficult for their competitors to imitate. Nike has provides clear objective and an environment, which promotes the development and sharing of innovative ideas throughout the world. (Total written words: 3785)

How a business can grow it’s customer base Essay

Coles Group Limited The Grocery industry is one of the most important industries in the Australian economy. The industry employs a big proportion of the workforce and is connected to many other industries in the economy environment. Supermarkets are one of the key players in the grocery industry providing around 70% of the value of the retail market for food and groceries. The  two major grocery chains – Woolworths and Coles – dominate with almost 70% market share of an industry valued at A$80+ billion. Over the past 5 years the sector has been witness of some significant developments. Dynamics were changed after new players like Costco entered the market and ALDI verified a rapid growth since its first appearance in 2001, making colossal to chase market shares by reviewing their campaigns. Some key statistics for the participants in the industry are presented in the Table 1 Table 1.1: Players in the grocery industry Retailer Market Share Woolworths 41.1% Coles / Bi-Lo 31.0% Other supermarkets ALDI 14.0% Speciality Foods / Franklin 7.1% Source: Coles Data, 2012 Coles is one of the two major supermarkets operating in Australia. In 1927 became property company and was launched on the Melbourne Stock Exchange; in 1985, Coles Myer Ltd.was established after a A$918 transaction. Myer was divided from the Coles Group to private equity interests in 2005, it has therefor not been part of the group since then. Westfarmers was founded in 1914, and in 1985 has been restructured to a public company and was listed on the ASX. Coles Supermarket is part of the Coles Group and subsidiary of Westfarmers for a total of: 749 full service supermarket retailer stores 792 liquor stores and 92 hotels 627 national fuel and convenience stores The reaserch conducted shows that Cole’s market share of 31% has not moved materially in recent years; is one of the successful supermarkets in Australia in terms of customer satisfaction, innovation in product strategy, marketing strategy, financial capability and strong work culture. To analyze the Global segmentation, we can consider the presence of Westfarmers  in New Zealand, but the nation largest employer remains committed to providing a satisfactory return to shareholders. The management of Coles supermarkets has not had many political barriers except the adherence to the sector’s rule and regulations. The slow growth uncertainity in the Australian economy poses a threat for thr retail players. The links between supermarket and fuel industries have been normalised. In response to concerns that cost of living pressures were affecting families, in 2008, the Australian Government commissioned the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission to review of the industry. In 2010, the Trade Practices Act was recast as the Competition and Consumer Act, with several competition policy amendments in recent years. Supermarkets themselves have developed new pricing and marketing strategies. In 2011 Coles partenered with WWF-Australia to improve the sustainability of the seafood supply chain and to educate consumers about sustainable choices. Coles has also adopted new technologies developing its online shopping facilities. It also invested to improve its supply chain and distribution system with significant impact in cost savings. Coles’s commitment to their Ethical Sourcing Policy, a wide range of products, great logistics and a strong brand image among its internal Strengths. Being an important presence in the market, its operating cost is overall high and its management presents Weaknesses. The possibility to seek new sales opportunity and cut cost through technology and the potential to increase the customer base presents only a few of the Opportunities that Coles may have. The uncertainity that Australian economy presents, the vulnerability to attack by the key competitors of the market are to be seen as external Threats. From 2012, Coles has a new pricing and marketing strategy called ‘Down Down’. This has been a high profile campaign designed to increase its company performance. Other supermarkets have their own pricing strategies to compete, including IGA’s with â€Å"Locked Down Low Prices† from July 2012 and Woolworths’s â€Å"everyday low prices†. Over the last four years, Coles sales have increased by $4.8 billion to around $24 billion. Coles have out-performed the supermarket sector overall over the last four years, market share has gone up slightly. Growth in revenue reflects changes in prices and volumes. On the face of it,  a campaign like ‘Down Down’ should have the effect of lowering prices and increasing volumes. To obtain an overall picture of the savings to consumers we aggregate the price movement during this period and calculate a savings figure – based on both old volumes and current volumes. We find that in 2011-12, the one-year savings of the price reductions during the ‘Down Down’ campaign (i.e. over the 18 months from January 2011) is between $1.05 billion and $1.19 billion. The midpoint is $1.12 billion. The benefits of scale are generated due to the large average store size and the ability centralise their procurement so that they obtain better terms. Overall, Coles finds that the larger its stores, the more efficient they are, as measured by costs per store size. On average, a store that is 1000m2 larger has costs that are 3% lower – reflecting the spread of a number of fixed or standard costs for a store that are incurred regardless of store size. Over the past four years, Coles have also increased the productivity of assets, part of these improvements come for the fact that Coles operates larger stores whilst keeping the number of stores relatively constant. In this period Coles have divested or closed almost 90 smaller and underperforming stores and has acquired or built almost 90 larger, more productive stores. Sales generated from every square metre of selling floor area have increased almost 20%. While sales revenue has increased by 25%, total selling floor area has increased by 4.5%. Private labels are unbranded products purchased by supermarkets and then sold as their own products. Typically, these products are che aper than branded products because of limited marketing activities. Historically, private brands had an image of being quite avarage, targeting the most price-sensitive consumer; these days they are increasing thought of as an equal-quality, lower-price alternative. According to Coles’s data on ranging and space allocation decisions, Coles brand products are treated in the same manner as proprietary brand products. In many cases Coles brand products are located together with similar brands and less shelf space than proprietary brands. Coles periodically reviews if their brand is over/under represented by examining the quantity they sell relative to the space on the shelves. Private labels have been a matter of policy discussion: critics have asserted that they are part of a strategy to dominate the supply chain, thus reducing the viability of branded products. Table 1.2: White bread 650 Retail Prices Margin above COGS Coles Smart Buy White bread 650g $1.00 1% Wonder White Bread Wholemeal Plus Iron 700g $3.31 5.4% Table 1.3: Eggs 12 Pack 700gr Retail Price Margin above COGS Coles Eggs Free Range 12 Pack 700gr $4.04 24.5% Farmpride Eggs Free Range 12 Pack 700g $5.44 20% ï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼ Source: Coles Data We analyze the margins for branded and private label products, following the Tables 1.2 and 1.3. For the white bread the branded product yields greater margins for Coles – for Eggs, the opposite. This suggests it is unlikely that Coles systematically achieves higher margins on its own products and directly encourages consumers not to buy branded products. According to Macquarie, Coles and Woolworths hold 72% of the Australian grocery market. The concentration of competition has made the rivalry palpable, penetrating deep into consumers mind. â€Å"Our customers want good honest food which is fresh, available and affordable†, says Simon McDowell, marketing director of Coles. Woolworths upholds those same values: â€Å"We want our customers to trust us to deliver best quality food and the best value every time they visit one of our stores,† said Lizzy Ryley, GM marketing at Woolworts. The five main players in the Australian retail food industry have vastly differen t approaches. Woolworths and Coles have well-known and similar business models, and command the lion’s share of the domestic food and liquor market due to their long history in Australia. Woolworths is commonly perceived to be more ‘premium’ while Coles promises  low prices, but in reality the experiences offered by both are incredibly similar. Beneath all the taglines and promotional strategies , the mandates of both Woolies and Coles are based on two things: fresh food and value for money. Aldi, like Costco, operates in the eastern states and sells private label (Aldi-branded) groceries, electronics and everyday household goods like bathroom taps. IGA operate small-scale, privately owned, stores across the country specialising in everyday groceries and liquors. In terms of size, Aldi’s 305 stores (March figure) are believed to generate in excess of $5 billion, Costco generated $612 million in 2012/13, while Woolworths reported sales of $58 billion and Coles $36 billion in the 2012/13 financial year. IGA sales data couldn’t be found as they are private companies, however Metcash (ASX: MTS) supplies IGA stores and reported revenue of $13 billion in 2012/13. Therefore, as a rough estimate it can be assumed that Aldi, Costco and IGA account for between 15% and 20% of the Australian food and liquor market. To make the Company a more effective organisation and in order to maximazie the shareholders value, I would focus on increasing staff productivity as well as motivation, not to mention the emphasis of maintaining or increasing profit margins where possible; developing the ‘Down Down’ campaigne and lowering the average prices by a further 1.9% . I would enfasise Exploiting the presence if Westfarmers in New Zealand, I would try an international market penetration and the trading environment. Following a comprehensive reform program that began in the mid-80s, the New Zealand economy is now largely deregulated, and more internationally competitive. Food prices rose 0.6 percent in April 2014, and were up 1.5 percent on a year earlier, Statistics New Zealand declare. The monthly rise follows a 0.3 percent fall in March, and a 1.0 percent fall in February. Niche products and Australia’s reputation for product safety can help the company with the penetration.   I would try and finalize the acquisition of EziBuy, a leading direct retailer of apparel and homewares in Australia and New Zealand, so it will act as a launch pad for our next phase of growth but most importantly it would represent a stop for the expansion of Woolworths into the country. Last but not least I would continue investing in important environmental projects and partnerships to further reduce the impact on the environment and I would also improve efficiencies within the  supply chains, reducing gas emissions across the overall business. In the future I would develop a marketing campaigne based on our recycling and sustainable efforts and we will continue to work on ways to both reduce the waste and increase the level of recycling in our stores. References http://finance.ninemsn.com.au/newsbusiness http://www.deloitte.com http://www.stats.govt.nz http://www.austrade.gov.au/Export/Export-Markets http://www.woolworthslimited.com.au https://www.coles.com.au http://www.euromonitor.com ABARES, 2011, ‘Agricultural commodity statistics 2011.’ King, Matthew, 2012, ‘One shopping basket, four supermarkets, who wins?’ Wesfarmers, 2012, ‘Annual Report 2012’.

What is Crime?

The Oxford English dictionary defines crime as â€Å"an act punishable by law, as being forbidden by statute or injurious to the public welfare, an evil act; an offence, a sin, -an act can only be considered a crime when identified as such by law. An act was defined a crime in the old testament with the creation of the Ten Commandments. This was when it was literally set into stone that numerous acts became a crime against God, the first rules of the world.Crimes are now defined as crimes with the help of the legal system and certain pieces of legislature and cannot always necessarily be traced back to the Ten Commandments. Crime now has abundant definitions, the most obvious being crime as criminal law violation. The Hg Worldwide Legal Directories website delineates criminal law as encompassing, ‘the rules and statutes written by Congress and state legislators dealing with any criminal activity that causes harm to the general public, with penalties.’ Therefore to viola te criminal law, the individual would be engaging in behaviour that is prohibited by the criminal law. However it has recently become extremely difficult to determine what is now perceived as a crime.Crime has no universal or objective existence but is relative to the subjective contingencies of social and historical circumstance, this is crime as historical intervention. For example, causing death of another individual, whether by neglect or with full intention is a crime, however it is almost justifiable and on many occasions heroic when practised in warfare. This is reiterated with the recent poaching ban, poaching only became criminalised through the convergence of new class and power interests in the 18th Century. James Treadwell argues this point as a criminologist and indicates that specific acts that were once socially acceptable are now becoming criminalised, ‘crime is not static or fixed, it constantly changes.Things that once were not criminalised become so, such as paedophiles ‘grooming’ victims on the internet. . .similarly, activities, which were illegal, may become legal, such as consenting homosexual behaviour between men’. These arguments make it hard to define what crime is as the ‘rules’ of crime are ever-changing. The BBC published an online article that illustrates the extent to which crime is uneasily defined, ‘a hundred years ago you could buy opium and cocaine over the counter at Harrods. Acts which are perfectly legal here may be serious crimes in other countries and vice versa.’ To help us understand what makes a crime a crime, Cesare Lombroso, an Italian criminologist introduced to the idea of positivism, the social reaction to classicism.Classicism is the theory that the punishment for a crime should reflect the severity of said crime. This concept was developed during the transition from feudalism to capitalism and is a strong believer that each individual chooses whether to commi t a crime or not as every person is raised in society that outlines the difference between right and wrong. The criticism for this concept is argued that at what age do you become criminally responsible, for example the horrific act of the two young boys that committed a severe crime when kidnapping and torturing Jamie Bulger.The boys were eleven at the time, therefore as children they unfortunately served half the period of time that an adult would have if they had committed this crime due to the legal system believing they were not fully responsible as they had been raised in broken homes. The contrasting theory to this is that of Positivism, the scientific approach to crime. This concept developed by Lombroso attempts to look at the genetic or biological explanation for a criminal gene. This concept is harshly criticised as many members of the public deem this as treating criminality as an illness.Lombroso published a book in which he makes sever references to the concept of posi tivism and argues that people are wrong to fear that, ‘positivism encourages communistic ideas and even worse criminal behaviour’. This became the birth of criminology. Treadwell discusses Lombroso’s work and informs us that his work is still being studied to the modern day, ‘Lombroso’s work could be placed under the heading of biological criminology, investigations of the causes of criminality using more sophisticated research methods. . .have continued to be developed in the twentieth century’.Tim Newburn wrote that Edwin Sutherland defined criminology as, ‘the study of the making of laws, the breaking of laws, and of society’s reaction to the breaking of laws’. Crime can also be defined as social harm. For example, we ask the question are tobacco companies selling harmful products that are in turn, effectively killing us, murderers. Is this a crime? This is known as the crime of violation to human rights, therefore a fur ther definition could be health and safety issues in the workplace. This is reiterated when we discuss ‘white collar crime’.We struggle to define crime as crime is an act  that breaches the criminal law, however many of the people we put in charge of running our countries or deciding these criminal laws are in fact themselves committing crimes. If this is so, why are these crimes socially acceptable? The offences of these crimes tend to be ‘invisible’ or painfully difficult to trace. They are often committed by persons of high social status and respectability therefore they find it easier to evade persecution. ‘White collar crime’ is often broken down into, embezzlement, breaches of health and safety and environmental crimes. Bhopal was identified as one of the worst industrial ‘accidents’ this world had witnessed.The 1984 incident that killed 8000 people instantly and injuring a further 200’000 was believed an accident du e to the lethal gases leaking from Union Carbide’s pesticide factory. For 20 years after this tragedy, an estimated 30 people a month were believed to have died from lung disease, brain damage, cancer, all linking to the gas leak of 1984. This accident was contested in court yet the people involved have yet to receive a settlement fee and not one person was held responsible for this mass homicide. Newburn records Bhopal as a crime and a ‘major industrial disaster’ in his book as he files it under the heading, ‘environmental crime’. This helps us to define crime as a class issue due to crimes of the powerful having greater potential to cause more harm than crimes of the less powerful.Newburn furthermore analyses hidden crimes within criminology, ‘Criminology has been regularly, roundly and rightly criticised for this preoccupation: a concern with the crimes of the powerless rather than the powerful, with the ‘crimes of the streets’ rather than the ‘crimes of the suites’. The Marxist concept of this is crime as an ideological censure, that acts would only be defined a crime when in the interest of the ruling classes at that period of time. These crimes remain hidden for various reasons. The diffusion of responsibility means that is extremely difficult to legally and morally identify a persecutor, secondly a lot of the crimes the general public hear about are in the media and corporate crime simply does not sell. Media coverage creates moral panic and fear of ‘crime’.To define crime we often look to the media to decipher their reaction on a specific incident. However, although crime consumes an enormous amount of media space as both entertainment and news, concepts of crime are mediated by profit margins. Due to only crimes that are considered to grasp the attention of the general  public being reported, this effects what we as an individual define as a crime. Treadwell argues that, à ¢â‚¬Ëœmost media institutions seek to attract as wide an audience as possible to maximise their profits. . .to attract and retain audiences media products have to entertain, be dramatic or exciting, and sometimes cause outright shock’. Therefore as crime is seemingly a troubling aspect of our life this would seem the most appropriate topic to cover.Treadwell labels this concept, ‘newsworthiness’. He goes on to discuss that, ‘Today, crime stories are increasingly selected and ‘produced as media events on the basis of their visual . . . as well as their lexical-verbal . . . potential’. There is a vivid and highly complex relationship between the media and the criminal justice system. A further more obvious way in which we can define crime is by the Home Office statistics. The Home Office websites defines themselves as, ‘the lead government department for immigration and passports, drugs policy, crime, counter-terrorism and police’. T he two main methods of collecting the criminal data that feature in the Home Office are victim surveys and statistics recorded by the police force. However, only particular offences, ‘serious crimes’ are reported by the police to the Home Office statistics, not the summary offences that are heard in the Courts.Police are also under the instruction to record every allegation they hear and many police officers do not believe a number of allegations or there may be a lack of evidence and many times the victims decide to not press charges therefore they see it unfit to record it as a ‘crime’. Furthermore a crime is only a crime when ‘officially’ recorded and since most victims do not report crimes there is a ‘dark figure’ of crime that remains unknown. The reasons to why victims fail to report their crimes can be broken down into three categories: embarrassment, unworthiness and failure to realise. If a victim has been sexually abused or raped they may fail to report this as they may be overwhelmed with a feeling of embarrassment or in certain religious cultures it may bring shame upon a family.Some victims also feel the nature of their crime isn’t worthy of police time, such as rowdy neighbours or petty theft. Finally, if a person is a victim of identity theft, nine times out of ten they fail to realise and therefore have nothing to report. In conclusion, a crime only seemingly exists when society perceive it as a crime or a great reaction to an act therefore labels it as one. An act is  often acceptable until labelled as morally wrong by a social group.At some time or another, some society somewhere has defined almost all forms of behaviour that we now call ‘criminal’ as desirable for the functioning of that society, (Williams (1964:46)), this would be crime as a violation of moral codes. In the BBC article written by Mark Easton, he reiterates that, ‘one cultures crime is another cu ltures social norm’. This concept is crime as a social construct. In 1963 Becker created the ‘Labelling Theory’ which illustrated that crime is dependent upon social reaction and that the societal consensus is regularly challenged.At the beginning of my essay I provided the Oxford dictionary definition for crime and after studying the wide range of criminal concepts I have reached the conclusion that there is no right or wrong answer to define crime. The dictionary defines crime as punishable by law yet also defines crime as a sin. A person will be prosecuted for an act that does not abide by the legislation set up by the criminal justice system, however an individual may go to church to repent a sin that is only deemed as a crime within their religious culture.Crime will forever be surrounded by questions of social order, it will always be contested and people will always wonder how it can be perceived due to the fact that society’s vision of crime change s with the growth and development of society. Crime is elusive, contested and an ever moving concept that is tied to our social processes.